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Ward's World+McGraw Hill Coronavirus 2020

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Coronavirus (continued) + ward ' s science Table 1 - Human coronaviruses that cause mild respiratory illness (common cold) HCoV 229E HCoV OC43 HCoV HKU1 HCoV NL63 Year isolated 1962 1965 2004 2004 Classification Alphacoronavirus Betacoronavirus Betacoronavirus Alphacoronavirus Receptor Aminopeptidase N (APN) Sialic acid Sialic acid Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) Incubation period 2–5 days 2–5 days 2–4 days 2–4 days Mode of transmission Respiratory droplets, contaminated fomites Respiratory droplets, contaminated fomites Respiratory droplets, contaminated fomites Respiratory droplets, contaminated fomites Disease symptoms Malaise, headache, nasal discharge, sneezing, sore throat, fever, and cough (common cold); pneumonia in immune-compro- mised patients Malaise, headache, nasal discharge, sneezing, sore throat, fever; and cough (common cold); occasionally associated with pneumonia Fever, runny nose, cough, and dyspnea (shortness of breath); occasionally associated with pneumonia in infants, elderly, and immune- compromised patients; gastrointestinal symptoms have been reported Cough, croup, runny nose, rapid and shallow breathing, and hypoxia; associated with obstructive laryngitis in children Epidemiology Cases occur globally; peaks in winter Cases occur globally; peaks in winter Cases occur globally; peaks in winter Cases occur globally; peaks in winter Reservoir (primary host) Bats Rodents Rodents Bats Intermediate host Alpaca? Cattle? ? ?

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